Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 replaces the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC and applies from 20 January 2027, so forklifts and safety components placed on the EU market from that date must meet it. For safety systems, the main changes are explicit requirements for software that performs a safety function, protection against corruption including cyber attacks, and rules for autonomous mobile machinery and self-learning behavior. The practical question for a buyer is whether a product is a declared safety component or an operator-assist warning aid, because the obligations differ. US sites are not bound by it, though multinational operators often apply one specification worldwide.
A retrofit can matter more than the purchase. Under the Regulation, a person who substantially modifies a machine in a way that creates a new hazard or increases an existing risk takes on the manufacturer’s obligations for it, so ask a supplier who carries that responsibility when a system can cut drive speed or stop a truck. For driverless trucks, ISO 3691-4 is the main safety standard; see AGV forklift safety.
This is not legal advice. Confirm each product’s declaration of conformity and intended-use statement, and check with the truck manufacturer before adding any function that acts on the drive system. In the US, the equivalent references are OSHA 1910.178 and the ANSI/ITSDF B56 standards.